Early Ventures
Before SpaceX and Tesla, Musk built his reputation in Silicon Valley. Zip2 provided business directories for newspapers; X.com pioneered online payments before evolving into PayPal. These exits gave him the capital and credibility to pursue far larger ambitions.
- Sold his first video game, Blastar, at age 12
- Co-founded Zip2 — sold to Compaq for ~$307 million (1999)
- Co-founded X.com, which became PayPal — sold to eBay for $1.5 billion (2002)
SpaceX
Founded with the goal of making humanity multi-planetary, SpaceX has redefined spaceflight. Reusable rockets, private crew missions to the ISS, and the Starlink constellation have made it a dominant force in launch and orbital infrastructure—with Mars as the long-term horizon.
- Founded SpaceX (2002) with a mission to make humanity multi-planetary
- Secured NASA contracts for ISS cargo delivery — first commercial vehicle to the ISS (2012)
- Developed the Falcon 9 — first orbital-class reusable rocket
- Launched the Starship — largest and most powerful rocket ever built
- Deployed Starlink — global satellite internet constellation (thousands of satellites in orbit)
- Flew astronauts to the ISS — first private company to send humans to space
Tesla
Musk joined Tesla when electric cars were still a niche curiosity. Under his leadership, it became the world's most valuable automaker, proving that sustainable transport could be desirable, performant, and scalable—while pioneering autonomy and software-defined vehicles.
- Joined Tesla as chairman and lead investor (2004); became CEO (2008)
- Led Tesla through IPO (2010) — first American car company IPO since Ford (1956)
- Launched the Model S — redefined the electric sedan (2012)
- Scaled production of the Model 3, Model Y, and Cybertruck
- Pioneered over-the-air software updates and advanced driver assistance systems
- Built the world's largest network of fast-charging stations
Energy & Infrastructure
Beyond the car, Musk has pursued a broader energy vision. SolarCity brought rooftop solar to the mainstream; Tesla Energy scales storage from homes to utility grids; The Boring Company reimagines urban transit through tunnels and Loop systems.
- Co-founded SolarCity — became America's largest solar provider (merged with Tesla, 2016)
- Launched Tesla Energy — Powerwall, Megapack, and utility-scale storage
- Founded The Boring Company — tunneling and Loop transit systems
Technology & AI
Musk has repeatedly positioned himself at the intersection of technology and human capability. OpenAI sought to shape AI development; Neuralink aims to link brains and computers; xAI continues his involvement in artificial intelligence. His acquisition of Twitter—now X—placed him at the center of global discourse.
- Co-founded OpenAI (2015) — artificial intelligence research lab
- Founded Neuralink — brain–computer interface technology
- Founded xAI — artificial intelligence company and Grok
- Acquired and rebranded Twitter as X (2022–2023)
Recognition
His work has earned global recognition across technology, business, and space—reflecting an influence that extends far beyond any single industry.
- Named Time Person of the Year (2021)
- One of the world's wealthiest individuals
- Recipient of numerous awards in technology, business, and space exploration